Four models for mobile payments
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper explores the economic models associated to different mobile-payment systems. We first present the existing experiences and exhibit their distinctive components: new technological possibilities to create direct links between users, new potential intermediaries, new economic models to coordinate the commercial interests of financial and non-financial operators. After a short review of the emerging literature, we then concentrate on four possible economic models in appropriate economic environments: the operator-centric model, the bank-centric model, the independent service provider model and the collaborative model. We analyze the potential of viability of each model: in each case, we find that the conditions of viability are more than correct, each system being able to improve without ambiguity the transaction technology in different economic and financial environments. If we limit the analysis to quite large distant payments, the operator-centric model seems adapted to emerging countries without a banking system sufficiently dense. In this case, a take-off phase is however necessary to observe the development of the level of externalities necessary to reach its best level of efficiency. The m-payment system is in this case more specially devoted to users making a relative few number of large distant payments. The bank-centric system is also viable, despite the necessity to verify in this case a minimal agreement between the banks which manage the system and the operators which provide the access to the SIM card. This kind of solution is more adapted to countries with a fully developed financial environment. We found also that it is more convenient to the users making a large number of quite small payments than to those making a small number of large payments. For this reason, it seems more adapted to some classes of professional users. The last two models seem also more adapted to the needs of agents making many large payments. Given the structure of the costs and the advantages that this system can provide in term of quality, the independent service provider (ISP) model seems more adapted for users making many payments and on the additional services that the ISP can provide to the merchants and final users. Users making large and many payments are the early adopters of the collaborative model which we could be specified differently, according the nature of the partnership and the distribution of property rights. This model can also introduce banking intermediation in a cash environment and suits to the “new business class” of emerging countries. We finally discuss the results and compare the potentiality of the four models. ∗University Nice Sophia-Antipolis GREDEG (DEMOS) CNRS, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
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تاریخ انتشار 2011